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Nikon Scan 4 Manual

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Appendices
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Appendices— Appendix B
Scale The output size of an image as a percentage of the input size. At a scale of 50%, images are output at half their original size.
RGB
An additive color model commonly used in monitors, in which light emitted in three primary colors, Red, Green and Blue, is
combined to create a wide variety of colors. White is modeled by mixing 100% of all three colors.
Term Defi nition
Thumbnail
A small preview image, the digital equivalent of a photographic fi lm contact sheet. If the current adapter can read multiple
frames, thumbnails will be displayed in the scan windows thumbnail drawer.
Threshold
The limit up to which Unsharp Mask will be applied. While it is generally the case that the higher the threshold, the greater the
amount of sharpening applied, the exact effect depends on other Unsharp Mask settings, such as halo width. See also Halo
width, Unsharp Mask.
Tone
Pixel brightness, measured either as the combined intensity for red, green, and blue or the intensity of each of these colors
(channels) individually. The number of tones that can be expressed depends on the bit depth of the image. The distribution of
tones in the image can be seen in the “Curves” palette histogram. See also Bit depth.
TIFF
Tagged Image File Format, an image fi le format for color or grayscale images, suited to storing bit-mapped images such as
digital photographs. In some implementations, TIFF supports “lossless” LZW and packbit compression (in “lossless” compres-
sion methods, no information is lost when the image is compressed, as opposed to “lossy” compression methods such as JPEG,
in which detail is sacrifi ced to achieve higher compression ratios). Images saved in TIFF format using Nikon Scan are not com-
pressed. See also Compression, JPEG.
TWAIN
A standard for input devices such as scanners and digital cameras. Applications that support TWAIN can acquire data from and
TWAIN-compliant device.
Tone curve
A visual tool for editing tones, enhancing brightness and contrast in a selected portion of the tone range. Changing the shape
of the tone curve changes the mapping between input (the tones in the original image) and output (tones as they appear after
editing). The digital equiv a lent of a densitometric curve. See also Tone.
USB
Universal Serial Bus. A standard for computer serial interfaces which allows automatic “plug-and-play” recognition of periph-
eral devices and “hot plug” connection of peripherals while the computer or device is on.
Unsharp Mask
A fi lter for increasing the apparent sharpness of bit-mapped images. Sometimes abbreviated as “USM.” Unsharp masks em-
phasize the differences in color and brightness between edges (outlines) and the rest of the image. See also Halo width,
Threshold.
White point
The input value above which all input tones are mapped to the maximum output value (the default for the master channel is
white). Any details brighter than the white point will be lost. See also Tone, Tone curve.
… 137


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