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Key Terms and Scientific Definitions
47
wheels and axles and inclined planes
website: www.knexeducation.co.uk
One form of motion (input) can be converted into another (output) through the use of
a mechanism (process).
TYPES OF SIMPLE MACHINES
Lever: A rigid beam, bar or rod that turns, or rotates, about a fixed point called the
fulcrum. For example: a child’s seesaw.
Wheel and axle: A round disk (wheel) with a rod (axle) rigidly connected through the
centre of the wheel so that they both turn together. A wheel can be used to turn an axle
or an axle can be used to turn a wheel. For example: a winch raising a bucket from a well.
The wheel can be a solid, circular disk, such as a car wheel, but it can also be the circular
path made by a handle that turns, such as a lever rotating around a fixed point.
Gear: This is not a simple machine but it could be thought of as a wheel with teeth
around its outer rim. Gears are used to transfer motion and force from one location to
another, change the direction of rotational motion and amplify the force applied to do a job.
Rotary: This can be seen in the movement of car, bicycle and gear
wheels and in Ferris wheels or carousels as they go round and round
on an axis. It is the most commonly occurring type of motion in
a mechanism.
Oscillating: This is an alternating, or swinging to and fro, type of
motion. It can be observed in car windscreen wipers, children’s
swings or in pendulums as they move backwards and forwards in an
arc.
Linear: This is motion occurring in a straight line, in one direction.
Examples include the linear movement of a paper trimmer, a sliding
lock, or a conveyor belt.
Reciprocating: This involves an alternate backward and forward
motion, in a straight line, as in the movement of a sewing machine
needle or the pistons of a car engine.
TYPES OF MOTION
4 basic forms of motion are used in mechanisms:
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