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Key�Technical�Terms��
and�Scientific�Definitions
46
MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE
Most machines are designed to make jobs easier to do. For example, a wheelbarrow that
allows you to move a heavy load of soil or a winch used to lift a heavy object. When a
machine enables you to use a small effort to move a large load, that machine has given you
a “mechanical advantage” you would not otherwise have had. How large or small a mechanical
advantage a machine provides can be measured by comparing the load you can move with
the effort you used to move it.
The calculation used is:
The mathematical calculation indicates how many times the machine multiplies the effort force.
For example, if a machine allowed you to move a load of 300N using a 100N effort force, the
mechanical advantage of the machine will be 3:1 or simply 3.
If the value of the MA is greater than 1 then your machine allows you to move a large load using
an effort force less than that of the load. Does this mean you can get something for nothing?
Can you get more from less? Unfortunately this is not the case. While a high MA value means
you can use less effort force than that of the load to be moved, the distance moved by the effort
will be much greater than that moved by the load. This is the trade-off.
Remember, simple machines and mechanisms can make it easier to do a job by changing
the way in which the job is done; they do not change the actual job to be done. The work
needed to be done will always remain the same, so that to move a load, you can use a large
effort applied over a short distance, or a small effort applied over a longer distance. It all
balances out in the end.
MECHANISMS
Although designed and made to do different jobs and make jobs easier to do, all mechanisms
share some common features.
•Theyaremadefromsimplemachines,eitherusedsinglyorincombination.
•Theyinvolvesomeformofmotion.
•Theyneedaninputforcetomakethemwork.
•Theyproduceanoutputforceandmotionofsomekind.
Mechanical Advantage (MA) = Load
Effort
Education
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