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DieEmpndlichkeitdesÜberlastschutzeskön-
nenSiedurchEinstellungeinerVariableeinstellen
(s.a.Kap.6).
Motoransteuerung
DerDecoderistsoausgelegt,dasserMotoren
optimalmiteinerPWM(Pulswellenmodulation)
von32kHzansteuert.Dasgewährleisteteinen
leisenundgleichmäßigenLaufdesMotors.Der
DecoderistdamitauchzurAnsteuerungvonGlo-
ckenanker-(Faulhaber-)Motorengeeignet.
Lastregelung
DieeingebauteLastregelungbeeinusstdieMo-
torspannungso,dassdieGeschwindigkeitderLok
im Fahrbetrieb bei einer gewählten Fahrstufe kon-
stantbleibt,unabhängigvonderGrößezusätz-
licherBelastungen(z.B.Steigungen,Waggons).
Die Lastregelung des Decoders und deren Para-
metersindüberCVabschalt-bzw.einstellbar.
Lastregelparameter: Drei Parameter bestimmen
die Lastregelung. Diese müssen aufeinander ab-
gestimmtsein,umoptimaleFahreigenschaftenzu
erzielen.JedemLastregelparameter(KP,KI,KD)
isteineCVzugeordnet.
KP:DerproportionaleBestandteilderRegelung
sorgtdafür,dassderUnterschiedzwischendem
Soll-unddemIstwertmöglichstkleinwird.Er
kann niemals den Wert „0“ annehmen. Dieser Be-
standteil wirkt sich auf die Grundgeschwindigkeit
aus.IstdereingestelltWertzuklein,fährtdieLok
zulangsam.IstderWertzugroß,ruckeltdieLok
während der Fahrt.
KI:DerintegraleAnteilderRegelungsorgtdafür,
dassderverbleibendeUnterschiedzwischendem
Soll-unddemIstwertauf0reduziertwirdundda-
mitdafür,dassauchsehrkleineAbweichungen
ausgeregeltwerden.IstdereingestellteWertzu
groß,führtdaszustarkemRuckelnderLokwäh-
rend der Fahrt.
KD:DerdifferentialeAnteilderRegelungsorgtda-
für,dassdieRegelungnichtzuschnellumgesetzt
wird.IstdereingestellteWertzuniedrig,ruckelt
die Lok während der Fahrt. Ist der eingestellte
Wertzugroß,schaukeltdieLokwährendderFahrt.
Geschwindigkeitskennlinie
DurchEinstellungderAnfahr-undderHöchst-
geschwindigkeitkönnenSiedenDecoderandie
FahreigenschaftendesMotorsunddiecharak-
teristischen Fahrgeschwindigkeiten des Loktyps
anpassen.AusderAnfahr-undderHöchstge-
schwindigkeiterzeugtderDecodereinelineare
Geschwindigkeitskennlinie.
Im28-FahrstufenmodusunterstütztderDecoder
dieErstellungeineran,dieindividuellenFahrei-
Driving of the motor
Thedecoderisdesignedtooptimallycontrolthe
particularmotortypes.Itdrivesthe(D.C.)motor
withaPWM(pulsewavemodulation)of32kHz.
This guarantees a soft and constant run of the
motor,withwhichthedecodercanalsobeused
withcoreless(Faulhaber)motors.
Load control
Thelocomotivedecoderhasaloadcontrol.The
loadcontrolinuencesthemotorvoltagetokeep
thelocomotiveatconstantvelocity,independentof
additionalloads(e.g.runningupagradient,cou-
pledcarriages).
Itispossibletoswitchonandofftheloadcon-
trolbyvaryingaCV-variableofthedeocder.The
parametersoftheloadcontrolmaybealteredas
well,inordertoadaptthedecodertothemotor´s
individualcharacteristics.
Parameters of the load control:Theloadcontrol
isdeterminedbythreeparameterswhichhaveto
becoordinatedinordertoachieveoptimaldriving
characteristics.Eachoftheloadcontrolparam-
etersisassignedtoacongurationvariable.The
parameters are:
KP:Theproportionalcomponentoftheloadcon-
trolensuresthedifferencebetweenthesetand
thepresentvaluebeingassmallaspossible.It
cannothavethevalue“0”atanytime.Thiscom-
ponentaffectsthebasicspeed.Incasetheset
valueistoosmallthelocomotiverunstooslowly.
Incasethesetvalueistoohighthelocomotive
vibrateswhilemoving.
KI:Theintegralcomponentoftheloadcontrol
ensurestheremainingdifferencebetweentheset
andthepresentvalueisreducedto0andsofor
thecorrectionofverysmalldivergences.Istheset
valueistoohighthelocomotivevibratesmassive-
lywhilemoving.
KD:Thedifferentialcomponentoftheloadcon-
trolensuresthatthecontrolisnotconvertedtoo
quickly.Isthesetvaluetolowthenthelocomotive
vibrates.Isthesetvalueistoohigh,thelocomo-
tiveshakeswhilemoving.
Velocity characteristic
Thedecodercanbeadjustedtothedrivingchar-
acteristics of the motor and the characteristic
speedofthelocomotivetype,bysettingthestart-
ingvelocityandthemaximumvelocity.Fromthe
startingvelocityandthemaximumvelocitythede-
codergeneratesalinearvelocitycharacteristic.
Whenthespeedlevelmodeissetto28speed
levels,itispossibletoassignanymotorvoltage
toallofthe28speedlevelsasanalternativeto
4


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