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4 EN
pyrometer TP10
Degree of emission
The degree of emission is used to describe the energy radiation
characteristics of a material.
Most organic materials have an emissivity of0.95. Metals or
shiny materials come with a much lower value.
A material's emissivity depends on various factors, e.g. on
Material composition
Surface condition
Temperature
The emissivity can range between 0.1 and 1 (in theory).
The following rule of thumb can be assumed:
When a material is rather dark and its surface texture matt,
it probably has a high emissivity.
The brighter and smoother the surface of a material, the
lower will be its emissivity, presumably.
The higher the degree of emission of the surface to be
measured, the better it is suited for non-contact
temperature measurement by use of a pyrometer or
thermal imaging camera, since falsifying temperature
reflections become negligible.
Nevertheless, entering a degree of emission as appropriate as
possible is indispensable for a precise measurement.
Emissivity table
The table below may be used as reference for setting the
degree of emission. It supplies reference values for the
emissivity of common materials.
Material Degree of emission
Aluminium, roughened 0.1 to 0.3
Aluminium, alloy A3003,
oxidized
0.3
Aluminium, oxidized 0.2 to 0.4
Asbestos 0.92 to 0.95
Tarmac 0.92 to 0.95
Basalt 0.7
Concrete 0.92 to 0.95
Bitumen 0.98 to 1.00
Lead, oxidized 0.2 to 0.6
Lead, rough 0.4
Roofing felt 0.95
Ice 0.98
Iron (forged), blunt 0.9
Iron, oxidized 0.5 to 0.9
Iron, rusted 0.5 to 0.7
Enamel varnish, black 0.95
Earth 0.92 to 0.96
Paint (not alkaline) 0.90 to 0.95
Material Degree of emission
Paint (non-metal) 0.95
Gypsum 0.60 to 0.95
Glass, pane 0.85 to 0.95
Rubber 0.92 to 0.95
Cast iron, molten 0.2 to 0.3
Cast iron, not oxidized 0.2
Skin 0.98
Haynes alloy 0.3 to 0.8
Radiator enamel 0.95
Timber (natural) 0.90 to 0.95
Inconel, electro-polished 0.15
Inconel, oxidized 0.70 to 0.95
Inconel, sand-blasted 0.3 to 0.6
Limestone 0.95 to 0.98
Carborundum 0.9
Ceramics 0.88 to 0.95
Gravel 0.95
Carbon, graphite 0.70 to 0.85
Carbon, not oxidized 0.8 to 0.9
Plastic, non-transparent 0.95
Copper, oxidized 0.4 to 0.8
Varnish 0.80 to 0.95
Marble 0.90 to 0.95
Brass, highly polished 0.3
Brass, oxidized 0.5
Molybdenum, oxidized 0.2 to 0.6
Nickel, oxidized 0.2 to 0.5
Plastic 0.85 to 0.95
Plaster 0.90 to 0.95
Sand 0.9
Snow 0.9
Steel, heavy plate 0.4 to 0.6
Steel, cold-rolled 0.7 to 0.9
Steel, oxidized 0.7 to 0.9
Steel, polished sheet metal 0.1
Steel, stainless 0.1 to 0.8
Cloth 0.95
Wallpaper (non-metal) 0.95
Textiles (non-metal) 0.95
Titanium, oxidized 0.5 to 0.6
Clay 0.90 to 0.95
Water 0.93
4


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