Manual Roland E-09 (page 19 of 19) (English)

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Roland E-09 MIDI Implementation

but the LSB should be transmitted anyway (with a value of 0) so that operation will be

correct on any device.)

Once the parameter number has been specified for RPN or NRPN, all Data Entry messages

transmitted on that same channel will be valid, so after the desired value has been

transmitted, it is a good idea to set the parameter number to 7F 7FH to prevent accidents.

This is the reason for the (B3) 64 7F (B3) 65 7F at the end.

It is not desirable for performance data (such as Standard MIDI File data) to contain many

events with running status as given in [Example 4]. This is because if playback is halted

during the song and then rewound or fast-forwarded, the sequencer may not be able to

transmit the correct status, and the sound generator will then misinterpret the data. Take

care to give each event its own status.

It is also necessary that the RPN or NRPN parameter number setting and the value setting

be done in the proper order. On some sequencers, events occurring in the same (or

consecutive) clock may be transmitted in an order different than the order in which they

were received. For this reason it is a good idea to slightly skew the time of each event (about

1 tick for TPQN = 96, and about 5 ticks for TPQN = 480).

* TPQN: Ticks Per Quarter Note

■Example of an Exclusive message and

calculating a checksum

Roland Exclusive messages (RQ1, DT1) are transmitted with a checksum at the end (before

F7) to make sure that the message was correctly received. The value of the checksum is

determined by the address and data (or size) of the transmitted Exclusive message.

❍How to calculate the checksum (hexadecimal numbers are indicated by

“H”)

The checksum is a value derived by adding the address, size, and checksum itself and

inverting the lower 7 bits.

Here’s an example of how the checksum is calculated. We will assume that in the Exclusive

message we are transmitting, the address is aa bb ccH and the data or size is dd ee ffH.

aa+bb+cc+dd+ee+ff = sum

sum ÷ 128 = quotient ... remainder

128 - remainder = checksum

[Example 1] Setting REVERB MACRO to ROOM 3

According to the “Parameter Address Map,” the REVERB MACRO Address is 40 01 30H,

and ROOM 3 is a value of 02H. Thus:

F0 41 10 42 12 40 01 30 02 ?? F7

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) address data checksum (6)

(1) Exclusive Status, (2) ID (Roland), (3) Device ID (17),

(4) Model ID (GS), (5) Command ID (DT1), (6) End of Exclusive

Next, we calculate the checksum.

40H + 01H + 30H + 02H = 64 + 1 + 48 + 2 = 115 (sum)

115 (sum) ÷ 128 = 0 (quotient) ... 115 (remainder)

checksum = 128 - 115 (remainder) = 13 = 0DH

This means that F0 41 10 42 12 40 01 30 02 0D F7 is the message we transmit.

[Example 2] Setting REVERB LEVEL to 12

According to the “Parameter Address Map,” the REVERB LEVEL Address is 40 01 33H, and

the parameter value is 0CH. Thus:

F0 41 10 42 12 40 01 33 0C ?? F7

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) address data checksum (6)

(1) Exclusive Status, (2) ID (Roland), (3) Device ID (17),

(4) Model ID (GS), (5) Command ID (DT1), (6) End of Exclusive

Next, we calculate the checksum.

40H + 01H + 33H + 0CH = 64 + 1 + 51 + 12 = 128 (sum)

128 (sum) ÷ 128 = 0 (quotient) ... 0 (remainder)

checksum = 128 - 0 (remainder) = 128 = 80H

In this case, however, the checksum value should be 00H, not 80H. You should use 00H if

the remainder is 0.

This means that F0 41 10 42 12 40 01 33 0C 00 F7 is the message we transmit.

■About the Tuning

In MIDI, individual Parts are tuned by sending RPN #1 (Channel Fine Tuning) to the

appropriate MIDI channel.

In MIDI, an entire device is tuned by either sending RPN #1 to all MIDI channels being

used, or by sending a System Exclusive MASTER TUNE (address 40 00 00H).

RPN #1 allows tuning to be specified in steps of approximately 0.012 cents (to be precise,

100/8192 cent), and System Exclusive MASTER TUNE allows tuning in steps of 0.1 cent.

One cent is 1/100th of a semitone.

The values of RPN #1 (Channel Fine Tuning) and System Exclusive MASTER TUNE are

added together to determine the actual pitch sounded by each Part.

Frequently used tuning values are given in the following table for your reference. Values

are in hexadecimal (decimal in parentheses).

+————————+————————+——————————————+———————————————————+

+————————+————————+——————————————+———————————————————+

| 445.0 | +19.56 | 4C 43 (+1603)| 00 04 0C 04 (+196)|

| 444.0 | +15.67 | 4A 03 (+1283)| 00 04 09 0D (+157)|

| 443.0 | +11.76 | 47 44 (+964) | 00 04 07 06 (+118)|

| 442.0 | + 7.85 | 45 03 (+643) | 00 04 04 0F (+79) |

| 441.0 | + 3.93 | 42 42 (+322) | 00 04 02 07 (+39) |

| 440.0 | 0 | 40 00 (0) | 00 04 00 00 (0) |

| 439.0 | — 3.94 | 3D 3D (—323) | 00 03 0D 09 (—39) |

| 438.0 | — 7.89 | 3A 7A (—646) | 00 03 0B 01 (—79) |

+————————+————————+——————————————+———————————————————+

[Example] Setting the tuning of MIDI channel 3 to A4 = 442.0 Hz

Send RPN#1 to MIDI channel 3. From the above table, the value is 45 03H.

B2 64 01 MIDI ch.3, lower byte of RPN parameter number: 01H

(B2) 65 00 (MIDI ch.3) upper byte of RPN parameter number: 00H

(B2) 06 45 (MIDI ch.3) upper byte of parameter value: 45H

(B2) 26 03 (MIDI ch.3) lower byte of parameter value: 03H

(B2) 64 7F (MIDI ch.3) lower byte of RPN parameter number: 7FH

(B2) 65 7F (MIDI ch.3) upper byte of RPN parameter number: 7FH

●The Scale Tune Feature (address: 40 1x 40)

The scale Tune feature allows you to finely adjust the individual pitch of the notes from C

through B. Though the settings are made while working with one octave, the fine

adjustments will affect all octaves. By making the appropriate Scale Tune settings, you can

obtain a complete variety of tuning methods other than equal temperament. As examples,

three possible types of scale setting are explained below.

❍Equal Temperament

This method of tuning divides the octave into 12 equal parts. It is currently the most widely

used form of tuning, especially in occidental music. On the E-09, the default settings for the

Scale Tune feature produce equal temperament.

❍Just Temperament (Tonic of C)

The principal triads resound much more beautifully than with equal temperament, but this

benefit can only be obtained in one key. If transposed, the chords tend to become

ambiguous. The example given involves settings for a key in which C is the keynote.

❍Arabic Scale

By altering the setting for Scale Tune, you can obtain a variety of other tunings suited for

ethnic music. For example, the settings introduced below will set the unit to use the Arabic

Scale.

Example Settings

Note Name Equal Temperament Just Temperament (Keytone C) Arabic Scale

C0 0 -6

C# 0 -8 +45

D 0 +4 -2

D# 0 +16 -12

E 0 -14 -51

F 0 -2 -8

F# 0 -10 +43

G 0 +2 -4

G# 0 +14 +47

Note Name Equal Temperament Just Temperament (Keytone C) Arabic Scale

A 0 -16 0

A# 0 +14 -10

B 0 -12 -49

The values in the table are given in cents. Refer to the explanation of Scale Tuning on page

15 to convert these values to hexadecimal, and transmit them as Exclusive data.

For example, to set the tune (C-B) of the Part1 Arabic Scale, send the following data:

F0 41 10 42 12 40 11 40 3A 6D 3E 34 0D 38 6B 3C 6F 40 36 0F 76 F7

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