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German Minelayer
Deutscher Minenleger
TYPE VII D
05107-0389 2011 BY REVELL GmbH & Co. KG PRINTED IN GERMANY
Deutscher Minenleger TYP VII D German Minelayer TYPE VII D
Eine der wichtigsten Waffen der Seekriegsführung war die Mine. Um
diese Waffe dicht an die Schifffahrtswege der Gegner zu bringen,
nutzte die deutsche Kriegsmarine besonders U-Boote. Verwendet
wurden dazu, außer den Kampfboottypen II, VII und IX, die größten
deutschen U-Boote, die speziellen Minenleger des Typs XB. Während
die kleineren Bootstypen nur solche Minen transportieren konnten, die
durch die Torpedorohre passten, konnten die Boote vom Typ XB als
einzige Ankertauminen vom Typ SMA transportieren. Aufgrund ihrer
Schwerfälligkeit und der Ausrüstung mit nur zwei Hecktorpedorohren
hatten sie keinen großen Kampfwert und nur acht Boote dieses Typs
wurden gebaut.
Um weitere Transportkapazität für SMA Minen zu bekommen, lag es
nahe den erfolgreichen Typ VII zu einem Minenleger umzubauen,
ohne die positiven Eigenschaften des Grundentwurfs zu verlieren. Um
dies zu erreichen wurde eine zusätzliche Rumpfsektion von 9,80 m
Länge hinter dem Turm eingefügt, wodurch sich die Gesamtlänge auf
76,9 m vergrößerte. In dieser Sektion befanden sich fünf vertikal ange-
ordnete Silos, die je 3 Minen aufnehmen konnten. Die Rohre waren
nicht Teil des Druckkörpers, sondern ständig bewässert. Nach dem
Scharfstellen wurden die Minen nach unten in eine Tiefe von bis zu
250 m aus den Rohren entlassen.
Die sechs Boote des nun VII D genannten Typs (U-213 bis U-218) wur-
den bei der Kieler Germania-Werft gebaut und zwischen dem
30.08.1941 und dem 31.01.1942 in Dienst gestellt. Da die Boote anson-
sten einem Typ VII C entsprachen, konnten sie auch in die Atlantik -
schlacht“ geworfen werden und tatsächlich wurden auf insgesamt 31
Feindfahrten nur 9 Minenunternehmungen durchgeführt.
Die ab 1943 völlig veränderte Kriegssituation machte den Umbau aller
deutschen Kampfboote notwendig. So wurden auch die verbliebenen
Typ VII D von ihren 8,8 cm Geschützen befreit und erhielten eine ver-
stärkte Flak-Bewaffnung. Sogar eine zweite Flak-Plattform wurde
nachgerüstet, welche die ersten zwei Minen-Silos abdeckte. Später
wurde zumindest U-218 auch noch mit einem Schnorchel nachgerü-
stet. Im Kriegsverlauf wurden fünf VII D U-Boote versenkt. Nur U-218
überstand den Krieg und lief am 08.05.1945 in Bergen/Norwegen ein.
One of the most important weapons of war at sea was the mine. In
order to lay these weapons close to enemy shipping lanes, the German
Navy used special submarines. In addition to types II, VII and IX, the lar-
gest German submarines used for this were the type XB mine-layers.
Whereas the smaller types of submarine could only carry mines that
would pass through torpedo tubes, the XB was the only type that
could transport type SMA anchored mines. Due to their unwieldiness
and the equipment consisting of only two torpedo tubes aft, they
were of little value in combat and only eight submarines of this type
were built.
In order to obtain further transport capabilities for the SMA mines, it
was suggested that the successful Type VII could be converted into a
mine-layer, without losing the positive characteristics of the basic
design. In order to achieve this, an additional hull section 9.80 m long
was added behind the conning tower, increasing the overall length to
76.9 m. In this section there were five vertical silos each of which could
take 3 mines. The tubes were not a part of the pressure hull, but were
perpetually flooded. After being aimed the mines were released
downwards from the tubes at a maximum depth of 250 m.
The six submarines of the type now designated VII D (U-213 to U-218)
were built at the Germania shipyard in Kiel and remained in service
between 30.08.1941 and 31.01.1942. As in other respects the submari-
nes were the same as a Type VII C, they could also be deployed in the
Battle of the Atlantic and in fact only 9 mine laying operations were
carried out on a total of 31 war patrols. The complete change in the
war situation from 1943 made it necessary to convert all German war
ships. Thus the remaining Type VII Ds lost their 88 mm guns and recei-
ved more powerful anti-aircraft guns. A second AA gun mount was
even fitted which covered the first two mine silos. Later at least the U-
218 was also retrofitted with a snorkel. During the war five of the VII
D submarines were sunk. Only the U-218 survived the war and made it
to Bergen in Norway on 08.05.1945.
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