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SPAD XIII (late)
04657-0389 2011 BY REVELL GmbH & Co. KG PRINTED IN GERMANY
SPAD XIII (late) SPAD XIII (late)
Die mit einem Maschinengewehr bewaffnete SPAD VII war seit Sommer 1916 im
Einsatz und spätestens im Frühjahr 1917 den standardmäßig mit zwei MG aus-
gerüsteten deutschen Jagdmaschinen unterlegen. S.P.A.D.-Chefingenieur Louis
Bechereau, der bereits vor dem Krieg erfolgreich Rennflugzeuge für Louis
Deperdussin entwickelt hatte, konstruierte den Prototyp der SPAD XIII für das
um 50 PS auf 200 PS gesteigerte Hispano-Suiza-Triebwerk 8b und zwei Vickers
.303 MG mit einem Munitionsvorrat von 800 Schuss. Die Feuerkraft der neuen
Maschine war damit zwar enorm gesteigert, aber das Flugzeug etwas größer
und um 200 kg schwerer geworden. Der Erstflug erfolgte am 4. April 1917. Die
Testflüge ergaben zwar bessere Flugleistungen, bestätigten jedoch eine gewisse
Schwerfälligkeit in Bodennähe und Probleme mit der Bewaffnung, dem Motor,
der Triebwerk-Kühlung sowie eine unzureichende Sicht für den Piloten. Neben
der anlaufenden Fertigung der neuen SPAD XIII C.1 zog sich die Entwicklung der
Maschine mit vielen Änderungen an fast allen Bauteilen bis Ende 1917 hin. Das
britische Royal Flying Corps erhielt die ersten Muster im November, ersetzte
diese aber aufgrund der mangelhaften Einsatzfähigkeit bis Mai 1918 vollständig
durch andere Muster. Im Dezember 1917 verfügten die französischen Einheiten
über 131 Doppeldecker des neuen Typs, klagten jedoch über ständige Probleme
mit dem Triebwerk insbesondere mit dem Untersetzungsgetriebe. Das sehr
robust gebaute Flugzeug verfügte nach der Beseitigung der Mängel über sehr
gute Sturzeigen schaften und war in Höhen über 1000 Meter schnell und wen-
dig. S.P.A.D. und acht Lizenzfirmen produzierten bis zum Kriegsende insgesamt
rund 7.300 Maschinen. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt waren 80 französische Jagdstaffeln
mit dem Typ ausgerüstet. An die in Frankreich kämpfenden Jagdfliegertruppen
der USA lieferte die französische Luft fahrt industrie 893 SPAD XIII. Neben Italien
erhielt auch Belgien einige Maschinen.
In der Hand von erfahrenen Piloten war die SPAD XIII ein ernst zu nehmender
Gegner. Jacques Michael Swaab, als 1Lt in der amerikanischen 22nd Aero
Squadron, 2nd Pursuit Group, erzielte mit der SPAD XIII insgesamt 10 Luftsiege,
darunter 5 Fokker D.VII.
Sous-Lt. René Paul Fonck war der erfolgreichste alliierte Pilot des 1. Weltkrieges
mit 75 anerkannten und über 50 weiteren Luftsiegen. Nach Kriegsende wurden
SPAD XIII in den Luftstreitkräfte der USA, der Tschechoslowakei, der Türkei und
von Frankreich, Spanien, Polen, Brasilien, Uruguay, Argentinien, Griechenland
sowie Japan eingesetzt.
Technische Daten:
Besatzung: 1
Länge: 6,3 m
Höhe: 2,42 m
Spannweite: 8,2 m
Flügelfläche, gesamt: 22,1 qm
Triebwerk: V-8-Reihenmotor Hispano-Suiza-8b, Hubraum 11,8 l
Leistung: 162 kW (220 PS) bei 2.300 U/min
Luftschraube: 2-Blatt-Holzpropeller
Höchstgeschwindigkeit: 222 km/h in 2000 m Höhe
Leermasse: 566 kg
Startmasse max.: 820 kg
Flugdauer: 2 h
Reichweite max.: 500 km
Steigleistung: 2 m/s
Gipfelhöhe: 6.650 m
Bewaffnung: 2 Vickers-MG (Kal. 7,7 mm) mit 800 Schuss
The SPAD VII entered service in the summer of 1916 armed with only one
machine gun. By the spring of 1917 it was already inferior to the standard
German fighter aircraft that were equipped with two machine guns as standard.
SPAD chief engineer Louis Bechereau, who before the war had successfully
developed racing aeroplanes for Louis Deperdussin, designed the prototype
SPAD XIII around the Hispano-Suiza 8b engine uprated by 50 hp to 200 hp and
two Vickers 303 machine gun’s with an 800 round magazine. The new aircraft’s
fire-power had indeed been enormously increased, but the aircraft was now big-
ger and some 200 kg heavier. The maiden flight took place on 4 April 1917. The
test flights produced better flight performance, but confirmed a certain awk-
wardness during low level flight and problems with the weapons, the engine,
the cooling system and a poor field of view for the pilot. Parallel to the run-up
to production of the new SPAD XIII C.1 further development was delayed until
the end of 1917 due to the many changes to almost every part of the aircraft.
The British Royal Flying Corps took delivery of the first aircraft in November, but
in May 1918, they were replaced by completely different models due to poor
availability. In December 1917, French flying units had more than 131 of the new
bi-plane’s at their disposal, complained constantly however of problems with the
engine and in particular the reduction gearing. After the defects were rectified
the very sturdily built aircraft had good characteristics in the dive and was fast
and agile at altitudes above 1,000 meters (3000 ft). By the end of the war S.P.A.D.
and eight other licensed companies had produced a total of approximately 7,300
aircraft. At this point in time, 80 French fighter squadrons were equipped with
the aircraft. The French aviation industry supplied 893 SPAD XIII to US fighter
units fighting in France. As well as Italy, Belgium also received some of these air-
craft. In the hands of experienced pilots, the SPAD XIII was a serious opponent.
Jacques Michael Swaab, as 1st Lt in the U.S. 22nd Aero Squadron, 2nd Pursuit
Group, achieved a total of 10 air victories with a SPAD XIII, that included five
Fokker D. VII.
Sous-Lt. René Paul Fonck was the most successful allied pilot of the First World
War. He is accredited with 75 confirmed victories and over 50 unconfirmed. After
the War ended the SPAD XIII was used by the Air Forces of the USA,
Czechoslovakia, Turkey, France, Spain, Poland, Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, Greece
and Japan.
Technical Data:
Crew: 1
Length: 6.3 m (20ft 8ins)
Height: 2.42 m (7ft 11ins)
Wing Span: 8.2 m (26ft 11ins)
Total Wing Area: 22.1 qm (237.8 sq.ft)
Engine: V-8 In-Line Hispano-Suiza-8b with 11.8l cubic-capacity.
Power: 162 kW (220 bhp) at 2.300 rpm
Propeller: 2 Blade Wooden Propeller
Maximum Speed: 222 km/h at 2000 m (6000ft)Altitude
Empty Weight: 566 kg (1248 lbs)
Maxim. Take-off Weight: 820 kg (1808 lbs)
Endurance: 2 hours
Maximum Range: 500 km (310 miles)
Rate of Climb: 2 m/s (393 ft/min)
Service Ceiling: 6,650 m (21812 ft)
Armament: 2 Vickers-MG (7.7 mm calibre) with 800 Rounds
1


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