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German heavy
artillery gun
21cm Mörser18
03169-0389 2007 BY REVELL GmbH & CO. KG PRINTED IN GERMANY
German heavy artillery gun 21cm Mörser 18 German heavy artillery gun 21cm Mörser 18
Der von Krupp entwickelte und gebaute „21cm Mörser 18“ ersetzte ab
1939 das veraltete Modell von 1916 und hlte zu den
Hauptgeschützen der schweren deutschen Heeresartillerie (mot.), da
es an allen Fronten des zweiten Weltkriegs eingesetzt wurde. Bereits
im Juni 1941 waren 19 schwere Mörserabteilungen mit Batterien zu je
drei Mörsern ausgestattet. Eigentlich sahen die Planungen des
Heereswaffenamts vor, die Produktion schon wieder im Juni 1942 nach
Fertigstellung von 487 Exemplaren einzustellen, doch der Krieg verlief
aus deutscher Sicht schlechter als geplant. So war der „21cm Mörser
18“ unentbehrlich geworden und die Produktionszahlen stiegen ab
1943 wieder an.
Trotz erschwerter Handhabung durch das hohe Gewicht von 16,7
Tonnen in Feuerstellung und 22,7 Tonnen in Fahrstellung, machte die
große Reichweite und die starke Geschosswirkung im Ziel den „21cm
Mörser 18“ zu einer sehr effektiven Artilleriewaffe.
Die Konstruktion bestand aus einer Ober- und Unterlafette mit einem
doppelten Rücklaufsystem. Um den Mörser in die Feuerstellung zu
bringen wurde die Grundplatte abgesenkt und mit sogenannten
Erdankern fest im Boden befestigt um den enormen Rückstoss bei der
Schussabgabe abzufangen. Weiterhin wurden auch die Räder angeho-
ben, sowie die Unterlafette von der Protze abgehängt. Aufgrund des
Drehzapfens in der Grundplatte war sogar eine Drehung von 360° in
der Feuerstellung möglich.
Der Höhenrichtbereich betrug 0° bis +70° und ermöglichte eine maxi-
male Schussweite von 16.700 Meter. Als Munition verwendete man die
„21cm Granate 18“ (113kg) oder auch die „21cm Granate 18 Beton“
(121kg). Eine gut trainierte Bedienungsmannschaft konnte in etwa 1
Schuss alle 2 Minuten abfeuern.
In der Regel transportierte man den „21cm Mörser 18“ aufgrund des
hohen Gewichts in zwei Lasten, doch wenn es schnell gehen musste,
wurde der Mörser auch einlastig, unter anderem vom Sd.Kfz.9
FAMO“, gezogen.
Wir bedanken uns bei dem
Muzeum Wojska Polskiego in Warschau,
Polen
für die freundliche Unterstützung zur Realisierung dieses
Projektes.
The 210 mm Mortar 18 developed and built by Krupp replaced the
obsolete 1916 model from 1939 onwards and was one of the main
German army heavy artillery guns as it was used on all fronts in the
second world war. By June 1941, 19 heavy mortar units had already
been equipped with batteries of three mortars. Actually the plans of
the army ordnance branch provided for production to be discontinued
in June 1942 after 487 had been made, but the war turned out worse
than German expectations. Consequently the 210 mm Mortar 18
became indispensable and production continued to increase from
1943 onwards.
Despite being difficult to handle due to its heavy weight of 16.7
tonnes in the firing position and 22.7 tonnes in the travelling position,
the long range and heavy firepower of the 210 mm Mortar 18 made
it a very effective artillery weapon. The construction of the 210 mm
Mortar 18 consisted of an upper and a lower mount with a double
recoil system. In order to bring the mortar into the firing position the
platform was lowered and secured into the ground with stabilizing
legs in order to control the enormous kickback when it was fired. In
addition the wheels were raised and the lower mount was suspended
from the limber. The pivot in the platform enabled it to traverse
through 360° in the firing position. The elevation of 0° to +70° gave it
a maximum range of 16,700 m. The ammunition used was the 210 mm
shell 18 (113 kg) or the 210 mm shell 18 concrete (121 kg). A well-
trained crew could fire one round every 2 minutes.
As a rule the 210 mm Mortar 18, due to its heavy weight, was trans-
ported in two loads, but if it was needed in a hurry the mortar had to
be transported in one and could be towed by the Sd.Kfz.9 FAMO”.
We thank the
Muzeum W ojska Polskiego in Warsaw, Poland
for
their kind assistance with the execution of this project.
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