Manual Navitel Navigator 5.1 PDA (page 6 of 74) (English)

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If the choice is not possible, accuracy of work will be difficult to predict.

After activating the GPS-receiver the navigating system starts preparing for launch.

Navigating messages transmitted from satellites contain two types of the data —

ephemeris and the almanac of satellites. The almanac contains parameters of an orbit

making possible to calculate an approximate location of the satellites but with rather big

error.

The almanac is stored in memory of the receiver and constantly updates, since each

satellite transfers the data of the almanac for the entire group of satellites. The

almanac's lifetime makes 2-3 months. Further, the size of the integrated error in calcu-

lations will be inadmissible.

Ephemeris data contains parameters which allow to calculate current location of the

satellites more precisely. Unlike the almanac, each of the satellites transfers only it's

own ephemeris. Ephemeris lifetime does not exceed 4-6 hours.

The received information on the ephemeris and the almanac data is constantly correct-

ed. It occurs once a day (and more if necessary). The network of ground stations

receives the information from satellites and analyzes measurements similar to regular

users then compares it with main data followed by adjusting amendments calculation

and transferring them to the main station from which data transmission to satellites is

carried out.

Starting process time necessary for the navigating receiver to define the position after

activation depends on the initial information available in memory. There are several

modes :

• ”Cold start” — time, position, almanac and ephemeris are unknown. The possible

reason is the device being switched off during long time (more than 70 hours) or

his(its) moving in the switched off condition on the big distance. In this case it is

necessary for the device to load the new almanac and ephemeris. This process can

last for more than 20 minutes.

• ”Warm start” — position and ephemeris are unknown, time and the almanac are

known. The device begins data gathering about ephemeris then can carry out a fix-

ing. Usually “Warm start” lasts for some minutes.

• ”Hot start” — the almanac, ephemeris are known, time and a position are known

with some mistakes. This is the fastest kind of system start and it is accessible if

the device was switched off for less than 4 hours. Last data is actual except for

small inaccuracies which the system eliminates in less than a minute.

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Navitel Navigator 5.1 PDA Manual

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