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Hamilton Khaki QNE Manual

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2 © 07.12.2012 – HAMILTON INSTRUCTION MANUAL 3
English
Pressure-altitude
At any given point, the atmospheric pressure corre-
sponds to the weight of the column of air on an area
of surface. The unit of measurement is the pascal or
its multiple the hectopascal (abbreviated to hPa). The
average pressure at sea level is . hPa. This value
is used for measuring the altitude of an aircraft by a
simple pressure-altitude conversion in an instrument
called an altimeter.
However, the pressure at ground level is not constant.
It varies, sometimes very rapidly, with an identical varia-
tion in altitude. To measure a height in relation to the
ground or a true altitude, it is necessary to readjust the
altimetric reference with the actual pressure at ground
level (which pilots call the QFE) or reset to that at sea
level (which pilots call the QNH). These values are given
by ground stations (airelds).
When ying in a zone of high pressure, one is actually
higher than the altimeter indicates, and vice-versa in a
zone of low pressure. The scale shown on your watch
allows you to read the dierence in altitude according
to changes in pressure.
Altimetric settings
Standard setting:. hPa or . In/Hg
QFE setting:pressure at the ocial level of the aireld.
QNH setting:pressure measured at the ocial level of the
aireld and reset to that of sea level with the help of a
standard atmospheric table.
Example
Flying at  ft (indicated by the altimeter) with a
mountain ahead  ft high: theoretically one should
simply pass  ft over the mountain. However, the
ground station indicates a QNH of  hPa. By consulting
the table of variations, one can see that  ft should be
deducted from the altitude indicated by the altimeter,
which in this case gives a value of  ft. It is therefore
necessary to gain altitude in order to clear the mountain.
NB: The temperature also inuences the reading of the
altitude on an altimeter and is not taken into account
in this calculation.
Français
La pression-altitude
A un endroit donné, la pression atmosphérique cor-
respond au poids de la colonne d’air sur une unité de
surface. L’unité de mesure est le pascal, ou son multiple,
l’hectopascal (abrégé en hPa). La pression moyenne au
niveau de la mer est de , hPa. Cette valeur est uti-
lisée pour mesurer l’altitude d’un avion par une simple
conversion pression-altitude au moyen d’un instrument
appelé altimètre.
Cependant, la pression au niveau du sol n’est pas
constante. Elle uctue parfois très rapidement, avec
une variation identique en altitude. Pour mesurer une
hauteur par rapport au sol ou une altitude réelle, il faut
réajuster la référence altimétrique avec la pression
eective au niveau du sol (que les pilotes appellent le
QFE) ou la remettre au niveau de la mer (que les pilotes
appellent le QNH). Ces valeurs sont indiquées par des
stations au sol (aérodromes).
Si nous volons dans une zone de haute pression nous
sommes en réalité plus haut que ce que l’altimètre nous
indique et inversement dans une zone de basse pres-
sion. L’échelle reproduite sur votre montre permet de
lire la diérence d’altitude en fonction des changements
de pression.
Calages altimétriques
Calage Standard:, hPa ou , In/Hg
Calage QFE: Pression régnant au niveau officiel de
l’aérodrome.
Calage QNH:Pression mesurée au niveau ociel de l’aéro-
drome et remise au niveau de la mer à l’aide d’une table
d’atmosphère standard.
Exemple
L’altimètre indique que nous volons à  ft (pieds), la
montagne en face de nous est haute de  ft (pieds)
donc normalement pas de problème: nous passons
 ft (pieds) au-dessus. La station au sol nous indique
un QNH de  hPa. Si l’on consulte la table de variations,
nous constatons qu’il faut enlever  ft (pieds) à l’alti-
tude lue sur notre altimètre ce qui nous donne dans
ce cas  ft (pieds). Nous devons donc prendre de
l’altitude an de ne pas percuter la montagne.
Attention: La température inuence également la lecture
de l’altitude sur un altimètre et n’est pas prise en compte
dans nos calculs.
3 …


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