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II. Common Knowledge
1 Meaning of SpO2
SpO2
is the saturation percentage of oxygen in the blood, so called O2 concentration
in the blood; it is dened by the percentage of oxyhemoglobin (
Hb
O2) in the total
hemoglobin of the arterial blood.
SpO2
is an important physiological parameter to
reect the respiration function; it is calculated by the following method:
SpO2 =
Hb
O2 / (
Hb
O2 +Hb)×100%
Hb
O2 are the oxyhemoglobins (oxygenized hemoglobin), Hb are those hemoglobins
which release oxygen.
2 Principle of Measurement
Based on Lamber-Beer law, the light absorbance of a given substance is directly pro-
portional with its density or concentration. When the light with certain wavelength
emits on human tissue, the measured intensity of light after absorption, reecting and
attenuation in tissue can reect the structure character of the tissue by which the light
passes. Due to that oxygenated hemoglobin (
Hb
O2) and deoxygenated hemoglobin
(Hb) have different absorption character in the spectrum range from red to infrared
light (600nm~1000nm wavelength), by using these characteristics,
SpO2
can be de-
termined.
SpO2
measured by this oximeter is the functional oxygen saturation -- a
percentage of the hemoglobin that can transport oxygen. In contrast, hemoximeters
report fractional oxygen saturation – a percentage of all measured hemoglobin, in-
cluding dysfunctional hemoglobin, such as carboxyhemoglobin or metahemoglobin.
Clinical application of pulse oximeters:
SpO2
is an important physiological parameter
to reect the respiration and ventilation function, so
SpO2
monitoring used in clini-
cal becomes more popularly, such as monitoring the patient with serious respiratory
disease, the patient under anesthesia during operation, premature and neonate. The
status of
SpO2
can be determined in time by measurement and nd the hypoxemia
patient earlier, thereby preventing or reducing accidental death caused by hypoxia
effectively.
3 Normal SpO2 Range and Default Low Limit
In campagna area, healthy people’s
SpO2
value is greater than 94%, so the val-
ues below 94% are determined as hypoxia.
SpO2
<90% is considered as the default
threshold for determining anoxia by most researchers, so
SpO2
low limit of the oxime-
ter is set as 90% generally.
4 Factors affecting SpO2 accuracy (interference reason)
Intravascular dyes such as indocyanine green or methylene blue.
Exposure to excessive illumination, such as surgical lamps, bilirubin lamps, uores-
cent lights, infrared heating lamps, or direct sunlight.
• Vascular dyes or external used color-up product such as nail enamel or color skin
care.
ENGLISH
34


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