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Burley Bicycle Manual

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These are some delamination clues:
1. • A cloudy or white area. This kind of area looks different from the ordinary
undamaged areas. Undamaged areas will look glassy, shiny, or “deep,” as if one was
looking into a clear liquid. Delaminated areas will look opaque and cloudy.
2. • Bulging or deformed shape. If delamination occurs, the surface shape may
change. The surface may have a bump, a bulge, soft spot, or not be smooth and fair.
3. • A difference in sound when tapping the surface. If you gently tap the surface of an
undamaged composite you will hear a consistent sound, usually a hard, sharp sound.
If you then tap a delaminated area, you will hear a different sound, usually duller, less
sharp.
Unusual Noises:
Either a crack or delamination can cause creaking noises while riding. Think about
such a noise as a serious warning signal. A well maintained bicycle will be very quiet
and free of creaks and squeaks. Investigate and find the source of any noise. It may
not be a crack or delamination, but whatever is causing the noise must be fixed before
riding.
WARNING: Do not ride a bicycle or component with any delamination or crack.
Riding a delaminated or cracked frame, fork or other component could lead
to complete failure, with risk of serious injury or death.
C. Understanding components
It is often necessary to remove and disassemble components in order to properly
and carefully inspect them. This is a job for a professional bicycle mechanic with the
special tools, skills and experience to inspect and service today’s high-tech high-
performance bicycles and their components.
Aftermarket “Super Light” components
Think carefully about your rider profile as outlined above. The more you fit the
“shorten product life” profile, the more you must question the use of super light
components. The more you fit the “lengthen product life” profile, the more likely it is
that lighter components may be suitable for you. Discuss your needs and your profile
very honestly with your dealer.
Take these choices seriously and understand that you are responsible for the changes.
A useful slogan to discuss with your dealer if you contemplate changing
components is “Strong, Light, Cheap –pick two.”
Original Equipment components
Bicycle and component manufacturers tests the fatigue life of the components that
are original equipment on your bike. This means that they have met test criteria and
have reasonable fatigue life. It does not mean that the original components will last
forever. They won’t.
grams/cm
3
. Contrast these numbers with carbon fiber composite at 1.45 grams/cm
3
.
The composites with the best strength-to-weight ratios are made of carbon fiber in
a matrix of epoxy plastic. The epoxy matrix bonds the carbon fibers together, transfers
load to other fibers, and provides a smooth outer surface. The carbon fibers are the
“skeleton” that carries the load.
Why Are Composites Used?
Unlike metals, which have uniform properties in all directions (engineers call this
isotropic), carbon fibers can be placed in specific orientations to optimize the structure
for particular loads. The choice of where to place the carbon fibers gives engineers a
powerful tool to create strong, light bicycles. Engineers may also orient fibers to suit
other goals such as comfort and vibration damping.
Carbon fiber composites are very corrosion resistant, much more so than most
metals.
Think about carbon fiber or fiberglass boats.
Carbon fiber materials have a very high strength-to-weight ratio.
What Are The Limits Of Composites?
Well designed “composite” or carbon fiber bicycles and components have long
fatigue lives, usually better than their metal equivalents.
While fatigue life is an advantage of carbon fiber, you must still regularly inspect your
carbon fiber frame, fork, or components.
Carbon fiber composites are not ductile. Once a carbon structure is overloaded, it
will not bend; it will break. At and near the break, there will be rough, sharp edges
and maybe delamination of carbon fiber or carbon fiber fabric layers. There will be no
bending, buckling, or stretching.
If You Hit Something Or Have A Crash, What Can You Expect From Your Carbon Fiber Bike?
Let’s say you hit a curb, ditch, rock, car, other cyclist or other object. At any speed
above a fast walk, your body will continue to move forward, the momentum carrying you
over the front of the bike. You cannot and will not stay on the bike and what happens to
the frame, fork and other components is irrelevant to what happens to your body.
What should you expect from your carbon frame? It depends on many complex
factors. But we can tell you that if the impact is hard enough, the fork or frame may
be completely broken. Note the significant difference in behavior between carbon and
metal. See Section 2. A, Understanding metals in this Appendix. Even if the carbon
frame was twice as strong as a metal frame, once the carbon frame is overloaded it
will not bend, it will break completely.
Inspection of Composite Frame, Fork, and Components
Cracks:
Inspect for cracks, broken, or splintered areas. Any crack is serious. Do not ride
any bicycle or component that has a crack of any size. Delamination:
Delamination is serious damage. Composites are made from layers of fabric.
Delamination means that the layers of fabric are no longer bonded together. Do not
ride any bicycle or component that has any delamination.
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